Question: How do we claim that the universe is 13.8 billion years old, how is the age of the universe measured?
Answer: Let's start with a puzzle. Suppose if a child were standing in front of you and you were asked to guess their age, what would you do? Of course we will respond by comparing it to other children ... but in the case of the universe, we cannot do that because we have never seen anything other than our universe ... So the age of the universe is such a There was a puzzle that kept astronomers astounding for a while ... Some method was chosen for that ... One method was to note the speed of the universe's spread (which is 70 kilometers per second). ) And then reverse the time and note how long it will take for the universe to close back in one point ... Through this method we get the "9 billion years" answer but There were two problems: one is that the speed of the universe is increasing over time, that is, in the past the speed of the universe will be slowing down. Which is why we realized that this 9 billion-year-old answer couldn't be right ... so abandoned this method .. After which, scientists turned their research to finding the oldest stars and galaxies in the universe. ... Through these investigations we begin to realize that the oldest stars / galaxies in the universe are 13 billion years old, which means that The stars in the universe began to come into existence 13 billion years ago ... but the answer was not definitive, as it was likely that with the help of more advanced telescopes, we could find more old stars ... In 2001, NASA sent a space mission called WMAP, which mapped the universe and made astronomical discoveries about the universe that left scientists in awe, with data from the same mission. That our universe is 13.77 billion years old .... But in 2013 the European Space Agency's spacecraft called the Planck 4 million After looking at the light created by the sensory apparatus, mapping them and taking note of the temperature of the universe ... we know that the universe was trillions of degrees Celsius at the time it was created. .... But then, four million years after the Big Bang, the universe was cooled to such an extent that all the atomic particles had the chance to form a cloud of hydrogen together ... 4 million years after the Big Bang became a cloud of hydrogen, The universe became transparent and thus the light was spread in the universe, we have learned through experiments that the hydrogen atom has risen above 3,000 degrees Celsius. They are not stable at temperatures, that is, four million years after the Big Bang, the temperature of our universe has dropped to 3,000 degrees Celsius ... Planetary spacecraft detected the universe through Cosmic Microwave Background Radiations. The temperature is currently minus 270 degrees centigrade .... We can easily find out how long it took for the universe to reach 3,000 degrees centigrade to minus 270 degrees centigrade ... It happens to be 13.82 billion years ... This is why astronomers are now so confident that we know the exact age of the universe, if there is any It can be up to 100 million years, that is, the universe may be 13.9 billion years old, or the universe may be 13.7 billion years old… Besides, other observations confirm this as we do when Looking at 13 billion light years away from the Hubble Telescope, we see new galaxies being created, which means that the universe was completely new 13 billion years ago, plus 13.8 billion years old so far we have no galaxy. Could not be found so after careful observation and experimental investigation, we can say that the universe is 13.8 billion years old.
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